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AlpHa Measurement Solutions |
Ion-Selective Electrodes in Drinking Water

ISE in Drinking Water

Monitoring and controlling specific ion strengths at multiple stages along the drinking water production process ensures the final product is safe for consumption. Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) are commonly used to address specific issues related to drinking water production and community water quality.

  • Fluoride is added to promote healthy teeth. However, higher concentrations can cause skeletal fluorosis.
  • Lead can be released into drinking water from corrosion in water distribution systems. Monitoring lead is critical as even low levels (ppb) is hazardous to human health.
  • Water hardness, also referred to as total calcium and magnesium, is routinely monitored to prevent health issues. High levels of water hardness can dissolve the zinc protective layer in galvanized pipes resulting in leaching of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, etc.).

Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISE) in Drinking Water
Ion-Selective ElectrodeRange @ 25°CTechnology TypeTemp. RangeWarranty
Ammonia (NH3)0.01 – 17,000 ppm as NH3Gas Sensing0 – 50°C12 Months
Ammonium (NH4+)0.1 – 14,000 ppm as NPVC Membrane0 – 40°C6 Months
Bromide (Br-)0.2 – 79,900 ppmSolid State Pellet0 – 80°C12 Months
Cadmium (Cd2+)0.01 – 11,200 ppmSolid State Pellet0 – 80°C12 Months
Calcium (Ca2+)0.5 – 40,100 ppmPVC Membrane0 – 40°C6 Months
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)4.4 – 440 ppmGas Sensing0 – 50°C12 Months
Chloride (Cl-)1.8 – 35,000 ppmSolid State Pellet0 – 80°C12 Months
Copper (Cu2+)0.064 – 6,400 ppmSolid State Pellet0 – 80°C12 Months
Cyanide (CN-)0.2 – 260 ppmSolid State Pellet0 – 80°C12 Months
Fluoride (F-)0.02 – 19,000 ppmSolid State Crystal0 – 80°C12 Months
Fluoroborate (BF4-)VariesPVC Membrane0 – 40°C6 Months
Iodide (I-)0.01 – 127,000 ppmSolid State Pellet0 – 80°C12 Months
Lead (Pb2+)0.2 – 20,700 ppmSolid State Pellet0 – 80°C12 Months
Lithium (Li+)0.2 – 10,000 ppmPVC Membrane0 – 40°C6 Months
Magnesium (Mg2+)0.1 – 30,000 ppmPVC Membrane0 – 40°C6 Months
Nitrate (NO3-)0.1 – 14,000 ppm as NPVC Membrane0 – 40°C6 Months
Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)VariesGas Sensing0 – 50°C12 Months
Perchlorate (ClO4-)VariesPVC Membrane0 – 40°C6 Months
Potassium (K+)0.04 – 39,000 ppmPVC Membrane0 – 40°C6 Months
Silver (Ag+)0.01 – 107,900 ppmSolid State Pellet0 – 80°C12 Months
Sulfide (S2-)0.01 – 32,100 ppmSolid State Pellet0 – 80°C12 Months
Sodium (Na+)0.01 – 100,000 ppmSensing Glass0 – 80°C12 Months
Surfactant (X+ / X-)VariesPVC Membrane0 – 40°C6 Months
Water Hardness (Ca2+ / Mg2+)0.5 – 40,000 ppmPVC Membrane0 – 40°C6 Months
  • Form Factor
    • 12 mm
    • Process Body
    • Cartridge
    • Custom Options Available
  • Housing Material Options
    • Glass
    • Ryton® (PPS)
    • ABS
    • Epoxy
    • Polycarbonate
    • Kynar® (PVDF)
    • Polyethylene
    • PEEK
    • PVC / CPVC
    • Teflon™ (PTFE)
    • Ultem® (PEI)
    • Custom Options Available
  • Thermistor Options
    • Not commonly integrated, however, optional per design requirements
  • Reference System
    • Ag / AgCl
    • Custom Options Available
  • Reference Junction Options
    • Single Junction
    • Double Junction
    • Custom Options Available
  • Reference Junction Material / Design
    • Ceramic Pin / Annular / Disc
    • Fiber / Pellon
    • Open Aperture 
    • Porous Plastic (PTFE / HDPE / PP)
    • Sleeve Junction / Free Flow (liquid / liquid or ground glass joint)
    • Solid State
    • Custom Options Available
  • Reference Electrolyte
    • Sealed
      • Soft Gel
      • Solid Gel
    • Refillable
      • Liquid
      • Soft Gel
    • Custom Options Available
  • Integrated Insertions
    • PG 13.5
    • 3/4" NPT
    • 1/2" NPT
    • 1" NPT
    • Custom Options Available
  • Analog
    • Millivolts
    • 0 – 5 V
    • 0 – 10 V
    • 4 – 20 mA
    • Custom Options Available
  • Digital
    • RS-485 MODBUS RTU
    • Custom Options Available 
  • Connectors
    • Integrated Connectors (detachable or cableless)
      • S7
      • S8
      • Integrated BNC
      • Variopin
      • Custom Options Available 
    • Connectors with Cables (including temperature)
      • BNC
      • DIN
      • MOLEX
      • Tinned Leads
      • Mil-spec
      • 2.5 mm / 3.5 mm phono
      • RCA
      • Spade Lugs
      • LEMO
      • Circular Connectors
      • Any commercially available connectors and custom options available